The getter is usually barium metal, a very thin layer so not really much of a hazard. The cathode coating contains barium oxide, again not very much. If you like, secure dust by washing them with water, and discard them in a sealed bag.
Most of the structure in those tubes, I think, is glass (possibly borosilicate for low TCE?) and either nickel metal or stainless. (Nickel is traditional, as well as iron, copper, molybdenum, tungsten and so on for various parts, but I recall Tek used stainless, probably 316, in a lot of their tubes, for whatever reason.)
Tim