Most old tubes were labelled using a rubber roller, with a second hard rubber roller used to spread the printing ink from a reservoir in the print line. The ink used is a solvent based ink, which would stick to glass somewhat, but with time and heat the volatile solvents have all gone, leaving the pigments only there.
They were never meant to be permanent, only to identify the tube in the box, as most uses of these tubes always had a diagram on the chassis or the rear panel inner with a layout of the tubes and types printed on it.