My old IKEA LED bulb started flickering. No longer useful, so let's take it apart and maybe try to fix it

This is (was) LED1465G13 (IKEA LEDARE US version). I installed it probably 5-6 years ago, and it ran about 8 hours daily.
Initial inspection showed a cracked outer shell with potential heatsink under it.
[attach=1] [attach=2]
The shell cracked on the side and also on top.
[attach=3]
Not very promising ;(
Diffuser removal was successful! Hooray!
[attach=4] [attach=5]
LEDs look cracked but not burned, plastic cracked.
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The LEDs assembly drops out. Thermal design could be better ;(
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We probably see a culprit.
[attach=9]
But the whole assembly is heavily potted and I don't see any way of removing this capacitor.
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