I’m amazed that, other than the talk of putting microphones in hoses, nobody is talking about the directional characteristics of different microphones! Because what OP needs here is a highly directional microphone, which is not what most microphones are.
When it comes to microphone capsules (the actual microphone elements), they’re fundamentally omnidirectional or unidirectional, and this is determined by the mechanical construction of the microphone. (Dave did a fascinating interview with a microphone engineer some years back that goes into how this works.)
When it comes to “finished” microphones (the thing you’d give a user), the combination of capsule type and enclosure determine the ultimate directional characteristics. Those are shown in “polar patterns” that show sensitivity in a circle around the microphone.
Common polar patterns are omnidirectional (equally sensitive in all directions), cardioid (sensitive mostly to the front), and figure-8 (equally sensitive front and back, but insensitive left and right). Cardioid mikes vary in their directionality, with “supercardioid” and “hypercardioid” ones being progressively narrower (but also picking up a bit more from directly behind).
One of the most common type of highly directional microphones are frequently called “shotgun” mikes because of their long bodies.