I'd like to understand how this type of antenna works, wondering if someone could shed some light. The construction of this type of antenna seems so basic (basically just wires being bent and connected with each other), yet I'm having hard time making sense of it.
Why are the upper and lower elements are out of phase (transmission line crossed), when the two middle elements are in phase?
EDIT: I figured this one out; the wave is travelling to each element and the transmission line is forming a T-shaped distribution network; the elements can only be kept in phase when the phasing of the line is flipped 180degree along the way every 1/2 wavelength.
What is the impedance of this antenna at the main feedpoint, and how can it be derived from the feedpoint impedance of the individual elements, which are close to (and presumably interacting with) each other (and of course add the effects of the in phase vs. out of phase elements and the reflector)? Does the characteristic impedance of the distribution network matter?
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