Mystery solved. I had a window of opportunity this week to put it on a network analyzer (see below picture), and if the printing were interpreted to mean its application was for a USB filter for a 5.5MHz carrier, then that makes sense. A 2.7kHz bandwidth is believable based on this data. It has good symmetry in both tails, so conceivably it could be used for LSB if the carrier were shifted up accordingly. There’s ripple in the passband, but I just did a quick solder connection to RG316 coax and it also may have a higher impedance than the 50 ohms of the NA. Not sure what max power it can handle, though - I tested it at 0dBm.
I had no luck digging deeper for a Heathkit part number, though.
Thanks Grandchuck for the tip, you put me on the right track. Now I might just be able to use this little guy for a future homebrew SSB transmitter project…