I'm trying to measure the insertion loss of some custom flex cables for USB3, using a VNA and have been running into problems trying to simplify my calibration solution to calibrate out the adapter fixture (SMA to the FFC connector). I'm using an E5071C that's fairly well optioned (Enhanced TDR and Ecal module), and ideally I can characterize the fixture, plug the S4P file into the TDR setup, and use a 4-port E-cal to be ready to go. But the game of getting reference planes where I need them to be has been giving me hell.
For the adapter board, all 3 pairs are matched length and identical for the transition from 2x 50 ohm microstrips from the SMA down to a 90 ohm differential pair. I also have a calibration board with a matching par, but with SMAs on the far end a much shorter transition, and TRL/TRM calibration standards.
So far I can:
-TRL/TRM calibrate 2 ports, and get reasonable numbers for loss on the Line standards.
-Ecal the two other ports and get reasonable numbers for connector to connector on the Line standard
-Port-extend the TRL calibrated ports a couple mm to move the reference plane for those ports to the very end of the 90 ohm pair.
This gives me reference planes at the SMA and at the end of the 90 ohm pair, but of course there is no calibration between ports 1/2 and 3/4 so this isnt any good. I checked just to be sure, and measuring a Line standard, its giving 0.2 db for using ports 3/4 (the TRL calibrated ports) 0.8 db for ports 1/2, (the Ecal ports) both reasonable. But 3.x dB for ports 3/4, (TRL calibrated port to Ecal port) So that is definitely no good.
If I TRL calibrate all 4 ports, (port extending two to get to the end of the 90 ohm pair, and leaving the other two untouched) I can measure from the reference plane, though the long 50-90 ohm transition, and the 90 ohm pair, and get a S4P of that, but it still leaves the SMA-microstrip transition unaccounted for. The TDR setup will also take an S2P file for each transition, so if I can do that, I can just calibrate with the ecal and everything will be happy. I can also do a 4-port TRL cal every time, as the reference plane will then be on the board where it needs to be, but with two line standards and a match standard, that makes for 28-step process, which I dont mind for a one-time measurement, I dont want to have to repeat every time I'm setting up to measure USB flex cables if possible
Searching online I found this, which on page 27/28 suggests an unknown-thru could be used to connect between the two pairs, but I'm not 100% clear on what the procedure for that would be.
http://anlage.umd.edu/Agilent_Advanced_VNA_calibration.pdfPage 27 is talking about a SOLT calibration with an unknown thru, which is out, given the difficulty in an open standard on a microstrip. Just to be sure, I tried. I modified a microstrip short standard into an open, and measuring it with the VNA after it was TRL/TRM calibrated. It was not something I could fit a calibration polynomial to for the open standard. The Short standard was something that could have a polynomial fitted to it, but without a useable open, its pointless.
Page 28 is talking about TRL calibrations with an unknown thru. At first it seems to suggest to me that the unknown-thru calibration is a separate process, but I cant seem to find anything about that in my VNA calibration page. Does this actually mean full 4-port calibration with multiple types of standards? I.e. in my case I would fabricate coaxial standards for Offset Thru and Line, characterize them, and then use a short/load standard from a mechanical cal-kit for Reflect and Match. Then the calibration procedure would be do a full 4-port TRL calibration with:
-PCB standards for ports 3/4,
-Coaxial standards for 1/2.
-Use the PCB Thru standard but marked as an unknown-thru for Ports 1-3, 1-4, 2-3, 2-4
-Skip (?) the Line/Match measurements for Ports 1-3, 1-4, 2-3, 2-4 (A lot of the measurements are marked as optional, but I dont want to skip for no reason, but even duplicating the standard entry in the cal kit table, and adjusting the offset delay because of the moved reference plane wouldn't be good, as the longer standards wouldn't cover my top-end anymore)
Which should give me a reference plane at the SMAs for ports 1/2 and on the PCB at the end of the 90 ohm pair for Ports 3/4, so I can get a proper measurement of the fixture, and I can then use an E-cal from there out and just load the fixture file to de-embed out to the flex connector itself.
"Suck it up and just do the 4-port TRL/M every time" is definitely a valid answer here, but that PDF had me holding onto hope that I'm misunderstanding something.
TLDR: How the heck do I get a VNA calibrated so that one port has a reference plane on a microstrip, another has it at the end of the coax, and the error terms between the two are calibrated also, so I can get a proper S21 measurement of a SMA to microstrip transition.