We have a few options for environmental tests. The most extreme does vibration, temperature, and humidity. It cycles through these several times. It takes a few hours.
Here are the types of failures we find:
1. Humidity is usually taken care of by conformally-coating every board.
2. Only a few things go wrong at low temperatures. Usually not much worse than contrast changes on LCD displays.
3. Several things can go wrong at high temperatures:
- LCD contrast changes
- High-load devices can go into thermal shutdown
- Devices can have odd behavior
4. Vibration can rip large components right off the boards. Usually fixed by using epoxy when manufactured.
Some real odd ones can show up. I had a diode soft-short at high temperatures, which caused another component to burn up. It took about a week to figure that one out.