Something I was looking at a week or two ago without really realizing they existed beforehand, but more of an accessory: a resistivity measurement chamber.
Take a high voltage source and an electrometer, then a pair of measured, characterized plates in a chamber and you can characterize the resistance of material samples, even gasses and liquids in some chambers. If you're looking at very high resistances, the box also needs to be totally RF shielded and could need to be temperature controlled, depending on the material.
Probably very normal hardware for specific testing... but pretty exotic for a lot of electronics types - more bordering on chemistry, physics, or material science than just electronics.