The general term for storage systems that automatically change disks or tapes is a library. You seem to be asking about an optical disk library. Yes, they exist. A library contains one or more drives, storage slots for media, a robotic arm, and optionally a "flipper" device for dual-sided media.
IBM 3995, IBM 3996
HP Optical Jukebox (2300ux, 3800ux, 7100ux...)
Plasmon library (D120, G164, G238, G438, G638, Gx80, Gx174...)