All classic Macs perform basic RAM tests on startup. The startup chime is the result of a successful POST.
The failure sound, the "chimes of death", varies by model.
(To this day, I think the startup chime on the NuBus Power Macs, the 6100/7100/8100, is the coolest one they ever used. 00:17 in the video. That and the Twentieth Anniversary Mac, 00:30.)