Can you open the phone easily to get to the battery and circuitry? If so, get the battery out and try to find the exact voltage it nominally provides (might be 3.8V for example), and you can try providing that exact voltage to the correct terminals on the phone.
I've also had luck opening an old tablet, taking out the battery, and charging it directly by applying a voltage to it (don't try unless you can limit the current going in, i.e. you have constant current capability on your power supply). It worked long enough for me to to turn on the tablet.
Third, if you want to continue using the phone with any degree of convenience (and assuming again a removable battery) you could buy a spare and use that.
If you can't open the phone to get to the battery, you're likely out of luck.