The transformer may even run a bit cooler (for the same output current) because sometimes the transformers are designed to operate very close to saturation increasing magnetization current near the peak flux and the related losses. By running at lower voltage, especially no-load power consumption decreases. So you definitely do not need to derate the current. You need to derate output power, though; if the transformer was capable of outputting 48V*4A = 192W, you definitely cannot output 24V*8A = 192W, but need to limit yourself to 24V*4A = 96W or maybe a tiny bit more.