An electric charge, no matter of what polarity it is, is an amount of energy waiting for a return path to return its excess or lack of electrons, in order to be discharged (to become electrically neutral).
The amount of energy stored in an isolated mass medium (that forms a capacitor in respect to the ground, due to its own mass) is given by the formula E=1/2(C*U^2), where the C is the electrical capacitance of the charged object and U is the static potential in volts. The HBM (human-body model) is defined as a 100pF capacitor in series to a 1.5Kohm resistance charged to 3KV; but a human body can easily reach a capacitance amount of 500pF charged to 50KV or more. On the other hand, the capacitance of an IC chip alone is in the low end of the sub-pF range, so the total capacitance of the circuit formed by the two in-series capacitors (the human body and the chip) becomes insignificant and the energy transferd is minimal; but if the little chip is grounded (placed on a grounded bench, for example), it will receive the full amount of the human static discharge energy.
This is where the antistatic wrist straps (with an in-series discharge resistor of 1Mohm, typically) enter the picture, in order to protect the ESD sensitive devices from violent electrical discharges by discharging first the human capacitive energy to the system ground before the human body closes any circuit to it through the ESD sensitive chip.
-George