OK, maybe now I understand:
The table data is the actual data we will look at to get the output. So it's a lookup table. Then the inputs on the block in Simulink, are the data which we want to get the solution. This input is for example a number, let's say 5. So we ask the lookup table, what is the corresponding solution. And we get the output for 5, let's say 10.
But what are these breakpoints 1, 2 and so on? This I don't know.