In general, electronics using feedback control systems will tend to use approximately the same amount of power with voltage increases. Electronics without feedback will use more power.
Switching power supplies use feedback to maintain a constant output voltage. The duty cycle will reduce to keep the output voltage the same. This means that as the voltage supplied goes up, the current to the supply will go down. The device will then use the same amount of power from the supply. The supply efficiencies can go up or down as the voltage to them increases. Different topologies will yield different results. Typically, the supply will use slightly more power at higher voltages.
Any device with a switching power supply will benefit from this effect.
There are many other examples of control system feedback being used that will help. Another example is an electric oven. It uses temperature feedback for control. In this case, the instantaneous power at a higher voltage will be higher. This will heat the oven faster. In the end, the amount of time the oven is heating will be shorter and less often resulting in about the same amount of power used overall.
DC motors will use more power at higher voltages because they will run faster and will get more torque. The exception is one with a motor controller regulating speed. This will cause the duty cycle of the controller to decrease and the power to remain the same at higher voltages. Even my blender uses speed control.
AC motors typically won't use more power for small voltage increases if it was designed to be efficient. If it was designed to be cheap, it will normally operate right at the saturation knee and will lose efficiency with higher voltages. Large voltage increases will drive the motor core into saturation and will significantly decrease efficiency.
AC motors used in variable frequency drives need to change both the frequency and the voltage. Operating on the linear volts per hertz line will give normal operation at different speeds. This means to run an AC motor faster, the voltage will need to go up. To run the motor slower, the voltage will need to go down. The effect on an AC motor with too much voltage for the frequency will cause lower efficiency as it will drive the core into saturation. This will happen if the frequency is reduced with the same voltage or increasing the voltage for the same frequency.
On the other hand, too little voltage for the frequency will cause the torque capabilities to go down. This can happen if you speed the motor up with higher frequency without increasing the voltage. This is often the case for variable speed motor controllers when the voltage reaches the line voltage. The motor can't put out any more voltage and the torque begins to decrease at higher speeds. Also if the voltage is too low for a fixed frequency, the torque will be reduced.
Reduced torque capabilities can cause the motor not to start or stall during normal operation. This is particularly problematic with single phase motors that have poor torque characteristics when compared to polyphase motors.
There are some exceptions in motors as well. DC brushless motors are actually AC motors in disguise. They use an inverter to operate the AC motor but accept DC to the inverter. The most common brushless DC motors are in PC fans. They will actually vary their speed with the voltage keeping a constant volts per hertz and act like a DC motor even though they are not. This would make them use more power at higher voltages. The exception is that the motors are regulated with a switching power supply in a computer so they use the same amount of power.
Even incandescent light bulbs won't significantly with higher voltages. Higher voltages will cause their temperature to go up. This will increase their resistance limiting how much additional power is consumed. Incandescent bulbs life are limited to the amount of time that it takes to evaporate the tungsten off of the filament. When the tungsten evaporates off enough, the filament won't survive the inrush current when turned on and will burn out. Higher temperatures will accelerate this process very quickly. A little bit more voltage can cause significantly decreased life while slightly reduced voltage can significantly increase it's life. The problem is that the light bulb starts putting out a substantial amount of light at the temperature when tungsten starts significantly evaporate. This is like heating water. It will evaporate at temperatures below it's boiling point. The hotter the water gets, the faster the evaporation. The same effect happens for amalgam fillings often called silver fillings. They often have 30% silver making the later phrase correct. They also have about 50% mercury which will evaporate out of the filling at body temperature over time. Even faster if you eat hot food or drink hot beverages.
Overall, there won't be a significant increase in power with higher voltage for a house as it is usually filled with devices that compensate for the higher voltage.