Yes IF everything is like-for-like installed.
Many applications save state information (under a directory such as ~/.config) and these are often quite (software application) version specific - but yes, I have successfully done this, in the opposite direction to you: I went from Ubuntu to Debian (so, same family as Ubuntu is a derivative of Debian) and it all worked, once I found the exact same versions of the more sensitive Apps.
Try it, and check one App at a time, it's usually ease to see if there is a problem.
I guess some applications may save "global" state information ina shared location somewhere else, but I didn't have any so the above worked fine for me.