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How can I make a transformer so my american kitchen appliance can work in the UK
Posted by VladKEasternTiger on 06 Mar, 2010 13:50 -
Hi everyone, I was given a gift its a kitchen smoothie blender, very expensive the problem is its a 2 pin American/Canada plug and will not work in the UK 230 v output
I was told you need a transformer and if you just put an adapter at the end of the plug you will blow it up
The blender sticker says 120V, Max, 250W, 60Hz
So how can I get this thing power up, the transformers in the uk electronic shop maplin go about 70 dollars that is £50, as much as the Item itself, surley they is another way anyone?
Thanks
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Hi David thanks for the Link I will get back to you friend
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Hi,
Try this place.
http://www.voltageconversion.co.uk/store/home.php?cat=260
HTH,
David,
London,UK
Hi David, Im guessing this is the only one from the list that would work as my appliance is 250W so you have to go above but not under, this is 300W. It looks like the first 4 transformers on the page you sent me would not work for my appliance
http://www.voltageconversion.co.uk/store/product.php?productid=16373&cat=260&page=2
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Hi,
I would go for this one
http://www.voltageconversion.co.uk/store/product.php?productid=16209&cat=260&page=2
As it is a similar price but gives a good margin of extra power and can be used for step up as well.
It's your choice in the end. Best to err on the side of safety wherever possible.
David. -
So how can I get this thing power up, the transformers in the uk electronic shop maplin go about 70 dollars that is £50, as much as the Item itself, surley they is another way anyone?
That's the problem, transformers aren't cheap.
I found one in Maplin for £30.
http://www.maplin.co.uk/Module.aspx?ModuleNo=265288
How long does the blender normally operate for?
If it's only for a few miniutes at a time with as long a rest in-between then you will probably be able to get away with using a slightly lower power transformer, as 150W which will cost you less but it is a risk.
http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/K-E-R-T-POWER-TRANSFORMER-EURO-UK-230V-USA-110V_W0QQitemZ320476667026QQcmdZViewItemQQptZLH_DefaultDomain_3?hash=item4a9de5dc92 -
Might be cheaper to replace the motor?
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You must get a transformer that's rated for more than your motor is rated. Motors can have an inrush current many times that of their operating current (in your case about 2.1A on US voltage). So when you start the machine, it will be using way more than 150W, more like 800W for a short time. You also need to make sure that you get a converter rated for appliances. They will have a magnetic transformer rather than an electronic one. The voltage will not be exact (possibly about 130-140V) but it will handle the motor load. Another thing to be aware of is the frequency difference. Your appliance will run slower on 50Hz than it would in the US on 60Hz, and will have a little less power.
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I wouldn't worry about inrush current, a transformer should be able to handle many times its rating for a very short period of time and double it's conterminous rating for a bit longer.
What normally kills a transformer?
Overheating which causes the insulation to fail between neighbouring windings to fail causing them to short and overheat more until it starts a fire unless some thermal protection kicks in.
The good thing is, because a transformer is a huge lump of iron it takes awhile for it to overheat, even if it's short circuit for a second or so. The inside of a motor has something in common with a transformer: it's lots of wire wound round an iron core. If the motor's windind can withstand the inrush current drawn when it's started, then a transformer of the same power rating certainly will.
Underrating for low duty is also very common - you'll often see 3kW for 15 minutes or 1.5kW continuous printed on the nameplates of transformers. Of course you can get away with overloading larger transformers more for longer simply because they have a higher thermal time constant. I wouldn't expect you to connect a 300W load to a 150W transformer for more than a minute without it overheating.
In this case the fuse might be a problem. You might only use your blender for a couple of minutes at a time so you decide that a 150VA transformer will do but if the transformer is fitted with a 1.5A fuse it's almost certain to blow within a couple of minutes of just over 2A being drawn. -
I wouldn't worry about inrush current, a transformer should be able to handle many times its rating for a very short period of time and double it's conterminous rating for a bit longer.
Yes and no. I lived abroad for many years and had tons of US appliances working off of 230V. There are two main types of "travel" transformers that step down 230V to 120V for US users. One is a magnetic (often toroidal) for heavier loads that don't care much what the exact voltage is like power tools and mixers, the other is fully electronic or magnetic with electronic voltage regulation built in. Neither type is very fond of heavy inrush currents. The regulated ones are designed for use with delicate electronic devices that can't handle a wide variation in voltage. Many of the low wattage units (up to 500VA) are the regulated ones. If you plug any kind of motor into a regulated transformer near its max rating, you'll probably see smoke.Quote
What normally kills a transformer?
Overheating which causes the insulation to fail between neighbouring windings to fail causing them to short and overheat more until it starts a fire unless some thermal protection kicks in.
The good thing is, because a transformer is a huge lump of iron it takes awhile for it to overheat, even if it's short circuit for a second or so. The inside of a motor has something in common with a transformer: it's lots of wire wound round an iron core. If the motor's windind can withstand the inrush current drawn when it's started, then a transformer of the same power rating certainly will.
Underrating for low duty is also very common - you'll often see 3kW for 15 minutes or 1.5kW continuous printed on the nameplates of transformers. Of course you can get away with overloading larger transformers more for longer simply because they have a higher thermal time constant. I wouldn't expect you to connect a 300W load to a 150W transformer for more than a minute without it overheating.
Again, you're only taking the magnetic transformers into account. Not all of them will be this type.Quote
In this case the fuse might be a problem. You might only use your blender for a couple of minutes at a time so you decide that a 150VA transformer will do but if the transformer is fitted with a 1.5A fuse it's almost certain to blow within a couple of minutes of just over 2A being drawn.
For the 250W mixer, I think a 150VA rated transformer will probably blow the fuse in less than a few minutes
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So how can I get this thing power up, the transformers in the uk electronic shop maplin go about 70 dollars that is £50, as much as the Item itself, surley they is another way anyone?
That's the problem, transformers aren't cheap.
I found one in Maplin for £30.
http://www.maplin.co.uk/Module.aspx?ModuleNo=265288
How long does the blender normally operate for?
If it's only for a few miniutes at a time with as long a rest in-between then you will probably be able to get away with using a slightly lower power transformer, as 150W which will cost you less but it is a risk.
http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/K-E-R-T-POWER-TRANSFORMER-EURO-UK-230V-USA-110V_W0QQitemZ320476667026QQcmdZViewItemQQptZLH_DefaultDomain_3?hash=item4a9de5dc92
thats a very bad idea, particularly as a recomendation, if you choose to take that risk yourself fair enough, don't suggest it to someone that may not understand the implications -
the other is fully electronic or magnetic with electronic voltage regulation built in.
I've never seen an electronic transformer, apart from the type used to power halogen lamps and in that case the output is normally a high frequency square wave, not a 50Hz sine wave.
Could you please post a link to one?
I imagine an electronic transformer would be very complicated. First the AC needs to be rectified to DC, then an inverter is required to convert it to a different AC voltage, The inverter won't be simple, to get a good sine-wave, a class D amplifier would have to be used.
I would imagine that an electronic transformer would already have built-in over-current protection so overloading it shouldn't do any damage, the chances are it would just shut down, then try to restart after a certain period of time.QuoteNeither type is very fond of heavy inrush currents.
I don't know about an electronic transformer but I know a magnetic transformer won't be damaged, just look at any audio amplfier power supply schematic and you'll see a huge electrolytic capacitor immediately after the rectifier which will short circuit the transformer when the power is first applied. So much so that a large audio amplifier will have inrush protection, but not to protect the transformer but to prevent the fuse from blowing every time it's powered up.QuoteThe regulated ones are designed for use with delicate electronic devices that can't handle a wide variation in voltage.
I don't see why you'd ever need a tightly regulated mains supply?
Most delicate electronic devices are powered from a switched mode supply which can accept a wide range of mains voltages. Those pesky SMPSes also tend to draw a large inrush current because they have a capacitor connected to the output of a rectifier.thats a very bad idea, particularly as a recomendation, if you choose to take that risk yourself fair enough, don't suggest it to someone that may not understand the implications
I disagree because I did warn him of all the possible dangers.
There's virtually no risk of a fire because all modern mains transformers are thermally protected - it's a legal requirement.
Unfortunately, the trouble is the thermal protection is often also non-resettable so it is a risk but not a fatal risk.
I'd rather educate someone so they can make up their own mind up rather than be a nanny and say don't do it. -
well getting people to do things for themselves is great but I would not recomend running a 250 W motor on a 150 W transformer for any amount of time. The motor will draw a high current to start up so you've not given yourself a good head start then you want to continue to run the 250 W motor with something designed to provide 60 % of the power at the most..... not really a good idea
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See the datasheet for the range of isolation transformers linked below:
http://docs-europe.origin.electrocomponents.com/webdocs/017e/0900766b8017e5d3.pdf
Notice how the 1/2 hour rating is 50% greater than the continuous rating?
Although it's not mentioned on the datasheet, loading at even more than the half hour rating for a minute or so won't do any harm.
The thermal circuit breaker must be a time delay type because the 750VA 1/2 hour unit has a 3A breaker.
If the smoothie maker is only operated for a minute or so at a time a 150VA transformer should be enough, a 200VA transformer should be more than adequate.
You'll also probably find that the smoothie maker's motor is not rated for continuous operation and probably will burn out if you ran it continuously for half an hour. -
ok point taken but on 150 W your still at 90 % of the required power, I suppose it is doable but would not make it a practice, are those figures meant as normal operation conditions or absolute ratings that cannot be exeeded ?
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the other is fully electronic or magnetic with electronic voltage regulation built in.
I've never seen an electronic transformer, apart from the type used to power halogen lamps and in that case the output is normally a high frequency square wave, not a 50Hz sine wave.
Could you please post a link to one?
http://www.voltageconversion.co.uk/store/product.php?productid=16214&cat=260&page=1QuoteI imagine an electronic transformer would be very complicated. First the AC needs to be rectified to DC, then an inverter is required to convert it to a different AC voltage, The inverter won't be simple, to get a good sine-wave, a class D amplifier would have to be used.
I would imagine that an electronic transformer would already have built-in over-current protection so overloading it shouldn't do any damage, the chances are it would just shut down, then try to restart after a certain period of time.
It's nothing more in theory than a common wall wart, only it'll output AC.QuoteQuoteNeither type is very fond of heavy inrush currents.
I don't know about an electronic transformer but I know a magnetic transformer won't be damaged, just look at any audio amplfier power supply schematic and you'll see a huge electrolytic capacitor immediately after the rectifier which will short circuit the transformer when the power is first applied. So much so that a large audio amplifier will have inrush protection, but not to protect the transformer but to prevent the fuse from blowing every time it's powered up.QuoteThe regulated ones are designed for use with delicate electronic devices that can't handle a wide variation in voltage.
I don't see why you'd ever need a tightly regulated mains supply?
Most delicate electronic devices are powered from a switched mode supply which can accept a wide range of mains voltages. Those pesky SMPSes also tend to draw a large inrush current because they have a capacitor connected to the output of a rectifier.
Because some of the voltage converters have a much wider voltage output range (especially in the unloaded state) than some electronics are designed to handle. You can hook a drill or heater up to 140 or 150 V and it'll be fine. Some electronic products won't. The unregulated step down transformers can have that high of a voltage when no load is applied. It will fry some delicate stuff. If your electronics have a switched mode supply that can handle 90-230V, you probably don't need the step down transformer in the first place, right?QuoteI'd rather educate someone so they can make up their own mind up rather than be a nanny and say don't do it.
While I certainly understand your good intentions, I think you need to be careful when it comes to electrical advice.
You've already suggested that he use a 150VA transformer to run a 250W motor load a few times. That's just wrong. You could power a 150W incandescent light bulb, since it's a linear load with near 1.0 power factor and the watts are more or less equal to the VA, but a motor doesn't have a perfect power factor. He will need a minimum of 300VA and likely more.
You don't have to be a nanny. Sometimes the best advice is "Speak to a qualified electrician" or something along those lines. I have to deal with laypeople in supply houses or as customers who would like me to tell them how to do something themselves. For liability reasons, I can't do that unless I know that it's something that they understand and can handle with their level of training/understanding. The warning sign in this thread is that the OP would like to save a few pounds on buying the proper power supply. Unfortunately, the OP doesn't seem to understand anything about electric, so I am very hesitant to give any advice that doesn't cover his (and my) butt. -
http://www.voltageconversion.co.uk/store/product.php?productid=16214&cat=260&page=1
I think you'll find that's a magnetic transformer, the weight kind of gives it away, 1.3kG is far too heavy for a 100W electronic switched mode power supply, it's more the kind of weight of a 50Hz, 50VA isolating transformer or 100VA 2:1 autotransformer.QuoteIt's nothing more in theory than a common wall wart, only it'll output AC.
Then it'll be a magnetic transformer which will have inferior voltage regulation to a much larger and more efficient magnetic transformer; wallwarts are notorious for having poor voltage regulation.QuoteBecause some of the voltage converters have a much wider voltage output range (especially in the unloaded state) than some electronics are designed to handle. You can hook a drill or heater up to 140 or 150 V and it'll be fine. Some electronic products won't. The unregulated step down transformers can have that high of a voltage when no load is applied. It will fry some delicate stuff.
That's certainly true which is why you should use a large magnetic transformer to power sensitive electronics, not an unregulated wallwart style transformer like you suggested. A 500VA transformer will have much better regulation than a poor quality 100VA transformer from China.QuoteIf your electronics have a switched mode supply that can handle 90-230V, you probably don't need the step down transformer in the first place, right?
Not always, my PC has an SMPs, yet it has a voltage selector switch on the back. The MOSFETs and filter capacitors and rectifiers will be rated to 400VDC and are unlikely to be damaged unless the voltage exceeds 280VAC.QuoteYou've already suggested that he use a 150VA transformer to run a 250W motor load a few times. That's just wrong. You could power a 150W incandescent light bulb, since it's a linear load with near 1.0 power factor and the watts are more or less equal to the VA, but a motor doesn't have a perfect power factor. He will need a minimum of 300VA and likely more.
All right, you raised a valid point about power factor, still a 300VA motor is not going to burn out a 150VA transformer, if it only operated for a minute or so. I'd also expect a universal motor to have a reasonable power factor, it won't use an induction motor which will have a poor power factor when lightly loaded.
I wouldn't push it beyond double the VA rating even for short periods, simply because the voltage drop will be unacceptable, nothing to do with thermal problems. -
Might be cheaper to replace the motor?
It was specifically purchased for the high powered motor to grind african and indian solid foods to a paste
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You must get a transformer that's rated for more than your motor is rated. Motors can have an inrush current many times that of their operating current (in your case about 2.1A on US voltage). So when you start the machine, it will be using way more than 150W, more like 800W for a short time. You also need to make sure that you get a converter rated for appliances. They will have a magnetic transformer rather than an electronic one. The voltage will not be exact (possibly about 130-140V) but it will handle the motor load. Another thing to be aware of is the frequency difference. Your appliance will run slower on 50Hz than it would in the US on 60Hz, and will have a little less power.
Thank you for your informative
information -
Thank you everyone for the information, im not going
to buy a transformer as it is expensive and im
not going to make one either as its not a
breadboard and my partner would be using the blender in the kitchen -
Hero999,
I think we probably agree more than disagree, and I'm sure I'm not using the correct names for some of what I'm talking about. From some poking around on the net, there are lots of different ways that some of these producers make their equipment, some safer, more resilient and more dependable than others. The bottom line is that any decent unit is going to cost more than a junky one. Some form of electronics will be present in most of the better ones if only to control the inrush of the transformer itself (I had a large toroidal transformer for coffee equipment in Europe that would blow the breaker just from plugging it in...).
All in all, if anyone's going to spend an extended amount of time abroad, buy local. It's cheaper than all this playing around
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One option not stated is to look around scrap dealers. In Perth (au) we used to have a company called hi tech scrap, they would be paid to junk old phone systems (from Telstra our main telco) and mainframe computers.
I bought (for scrap value) a multi tap mains isolation transformer (0-110-240:0-110-240) I use it to isolate my variac (which in the same case has a bridge, large cap bank, circuit breakers, current meter etc) I need to add volt meters etc and close the case (it needs more front panels, and a side)
Was a cheap way to build a 0-~460Vdc 5A PSU
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Thank you everyone for the information, im not going
Then it looks like you're out of luck I'm afraid.
to buy a transformer as it is expensive and im
not going to make one either as its not a
breadboard and my partner would be using the blender in the kitchen
The cheapest I could find was £30.
I wouldn't consider making it from scratch, what you could do though, is buy an open frame transformer and make your own box for it. The problem then becomes finding the connectors. If you can't get a US socket for a reasonable price, you could replace the plug with a suitably rated connector, which can handle the voltage and current and can't be accidentally inserted into a UK outlet.
I've found a 225VA transformer in Rapid for £13.85, the trouble is when you add the VAT, delivery and any other connectors it'll probably work out as or more expensive as buying a slighly more expensive transformer off eBay.
http://www.rapidonline.com/sku/Electrical-Power/Transformers/Toroidal/Toroidal-transformers/35506/88-2644
Rapid do, free delivery but only on orders over £35 so unless there's something else you want to buy, it isn't really an option unles you're close to Rapid and can pick it up.
EDIT:
I've found some cheap transformer in Farnell and RS. Farnell has free delivery for orders over £20 and RS gives free delivery for business account holders. You still have to build your own enclosure though.
http://uk.farnell.com/multicomp/mcta225-55/transformer-225va-2-x-55v/dp/9532889
http://uk.rs-online.com/web/search/searchBrowseAction.html?method=getProduct&R=6719044
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Personally I'd try two things:
First, I'd crack it open and check out how the windings were laid out. If this model is sold internationally, it's very possible that the windings are set up so that by simply wiring them differently, it can operate from either 120 or 240 volts.
As a second option, I might see if it's possible to use an incandescent light bulb in series. This is kind of problematic since when the motor is starting up the light bulb will see more voltage than later, so the amount of voltage on one part will be variable.
The first option is definitely something to check into though. 120/240 volt wiring changes are common in the world of motors. -
will this motor run on DC ? maybe simply putting a diode in series will work by cutting have the power out ? (although not ideal)