For less than $50, an STM32F7 discovery board includes a fancy codec with 1/8" stereo in/out jacks, and packs a lot more DSP power than the platforms I learned on in school. You'll have more development tool options, too, and if you've done ARM development before they also have the advantage of familiarity.
Of course, ARM Cortex M is not a real DSP. If you'd like to program in assembly, I would strongly suggest a more traditional DSP architecture. But if you're in C, although it pains me to say it, it doesn't matter so much. I'm currently finishing a project where we needed to prototype some serious adaptive filters on a tight schedule. Going with the Cortex M7 board was a no-brainer due to familiarity with the tools.
If you do go the ARM route, they provide a so-so DSP library as part of the CMSIS standard. It is not particularly well optimized, nor does it include everything you might need, but it's there.