There is no "performance" difference. The series have different target markets, so they have different peripheral sets. C is automotive, so CAN is necessary, but USB is not. D is general purpose, so it has USB, I2S and other stuff like that. L is low power, so they have more sleep modes and more controls over how peripherals are clocked in sleep modes.
But if CAN is a requirement in your case, then C is a good way to go.