Well, that's dead easy. Connect your voltage to the ADC pin, read it in software, display on your 7-segment or LCD module.
However, your range will only be 0 - 5V (or 3.3V). If you go outside it, you will blow up your uC. To avoid this, you'll need to either divide it down (a 1:10 divider will allow you to measure up to 50V, but with decreased precision obviously) or design a proper automatic switching attenuator (which is not easy),