I design/sell commercial systems for critical applications like you describe. (No Arduinos here folks)
As modules go, in small quantity I'd suggest Telit 862/3 Based modules make sure you have a decent breakout and termination board.
The AT commands are far from standard across different models so chopping and changing brands and models will open you up to a whole world of frustration.
Your other consideration is reliability, a module that locks up requires a periodic reset is no problem for some Arduino play but wont be acceptable for mission critical applications. How your software handles the module will have a lot to do with this.
Alternatively, what about using a normal mobile phone connected via its USB port? Anyone had any experience of this?
You kidding right? Ok for tooling about, but you'll run into all manner of battery management and reliability issues.
You really should be looking at something purpose built if reliability is your prime consideration!Have fun.