I am not familiar with Russian earthing arrangements from that era. Were grounded outlets common in the era this scope was designed?
I would just trace the circuit from the power connector. I would expect some combination of wires going directly to case, to a switch and/or fuse, and to primaries of transformers. From this you should be able to infer the correct wiring. A wire going directly to the case is most likely ground and should have a high resistance to either of the other wires. The wire through the fuse/switch should ideally go to hot, and the wire going directly to the transformers to neutral, but the latter is not that critical (it would not surprise me if they originally used a non-polarized plug).
If one of the primary sides of the transformers is directly connected to the case, than you may have a hot chassis (neutral connected to chassis). That would warrant some care. But I would expect this scope to be way too modern for that. Test equipment (at least in Western countries) was usually more modern than consumer equipment in that regard.