I have no idea what version that is, but trying a OCR translation it seems to be saying that the USB port is only for user upgrades (of the firmware) and that it does not supply power.
Then it should be possible to update the firmware directly via avrdude.
Do you have any suggestions for how to set avrdude (in Linux command line)? I'm not sure how to set the "-c" switch (i.e. which programmer) as I am connecting my computer USB directly to the USBC connector on the board.
~$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 046d:c534 Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver
Bus 001 Device 019: ID 1a86:7523 QinHeng Electronics CH340 serial converter
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 05e3:0608 Genesys Logic, Inc. Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
I tried this...
~$ avrdude -c ttl232r -p m328p
avrdude: ft245r_open(): invalid device identifier ' '
avrdude done. Thank you.