If what this plugs into is using 5V TTL logic you may get away with using 3,3V CMOS with series resistors on the inputs.
ESD protection diodes will clamp the TTL inputs which are weak TTL pullups and together with the series resistors the current from logic high into the protection diode will be limited.
For outputs, TTL logic threshold for high is only 2V so you are fine with 3,3V high from CMOS.
Only problem will be that the 3,3V rail will have current dumped into it from 5V through all these pullups to 5V, you need a regulator that can survive this and not allow the 3,3V to go higher than 3,3V.