and in TN-CS because the Neutral and Ground cables are common at the transformer and also at each household; all the leakage current from one house flows throught the earth where is common for all houses and there is a possibility (it depends from earth composition) some part of this leakage current go through the neutral wire of a neighboring house and will trigger the RCD (the difference current between the Line and Neutral must be higher than the limit of 30mA so to triggered the RCD) besides this house don't have a leakage itself.
Did you see it? Have you caused it? Sounds highly unlikely as current just doesn't like to flow through earth, when it has the metallic return path to the transformer (N or PEN cable). If not, it will flow to the closest earthing and return to the metal, likely within the same site or the distribution grid earthing. Good household earthing has like few ohms of "static resistance", and the strickest are transformer stations earthing coming down to iirc fraction of the ohm. Also, in the TN-C/S systems the last common point of PEN->PE and N is supposed to be before RCD, so there is no way to inject residual current after the RCD through the earth.
And I am not ironic or whatever, still don't understand what are you going to do. The figs 5,6,7,8, will likely fail, as I mentioned before.
If you measure the voltage of secondary side of the transformer with nominal 24 V, and unloaded, you are very likely to get the voltage significantly higher than 24 V, and the measurement method does not matter.
Not a strange assumption if your old enough to remember voltage operated devices
Elaborate, please?